Security management in Northern Mali: Criminal networks and conflict resolution mechanisms

State structures in Northern Mali are weak to non-existent, with a virtual absence of state administration in some areas, low presence of security services and checkpoints, inadequately equipped armed forces, and lack of logistics.  As a consequence, three principle and intertwining security threats in the North of Mali have emerged:

• drugs, vehicle, weapon and cigarette trafficking
• armed rebellions
• terrorist activities, with the Sahel turning into a launching pad for international terrorism, especially with the operations of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)

With a focus on security and police networks in Northern Mali, this study is part of the Global Uncertainties research programme based at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). It aims to:

• provide an analysis of the strategic context and the impact of the three security threats on local communities
  
• highlight the impact of these threats on the Malian state and responses put in place to counter them.
• the study goes on to analyse the legal instruments and national and regional policies elaborated to fight against insecurity, as well as initiatives put in place by international partners

The author argues that: 

• the Malian authorities determination to curb security threats has been strengthened by the creation of an operational Committee of Joint Chiefs (CEMOC), in cooperation with the neighbouring countries of Algeria, Mauritania and Niger. The establishment of local development programmes offer new prospects for peace and security in the north of the country
• the security situation in Northern Mali seems to be improving with the involvement of local communities in processes of conflict management and the increased role of community networks, as well as the establishment of a community police force
• however, the impacts of the Libyan crisis might set back progress. There is increased community resentment of Western interventions (France, Great Britain, and NATO) in Libya. Armed groups have taken advantage of the turmoil in Libya to acquire more weapons, ammunition, and state-of-the-art equipment
• we are witnessing the return of Tuareg mercenaries who went to fight alongside loyalist Libyan forces in support of the man they called the ‘Guide’, which is raising concerns about the resurgence of the rebellion. Some young people are distributing propaganda material, asking for the creation of a Tuareg state in the north of the country
• criminal activities such as drugs, weapons and cigarette trafficking continue to thrive. Elements of AQIM and other armed groups continue to operate from their Malian bases. The lack of means, combined with a weak security apparatus constitute a major obstacle in the fight against these multiple threats

Please note this document is in both English and French.