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Key issues

Aid effectiveness and education
School girl writing
M. Ostergaard / Panos Pictures
Donors and partner countries are seeking ways to maximise the effectiveness of aid. New aid instruments are being applied to the education sector of various developing countries. This key issue page examines the growing body of literature on the issue and presents a number of case studies and guidelines for effective delivery of aid for education.
Education and governance
Girls at school
F. Naumann / Panos Pictures
This key issues page looks at and provides access to recommended readings on three main issues within the larger issue of education and governance, namely: education and corruption, community and teacher participation in school management and decentralisation of education.
Economic growth and education
Medical lab technician
A. Loke / Panos Pictures
If more education leads to faster economic growth, then investments in education could pay for themselves in the long run, and could also play a role in reducing poverty. This page considers the evidence for an education-growth link, and explores some of the issues that governments and donors face in making investments which will best take advantage of the potential for education to contribute to economic development.
Education financing and PEM
Silhouettes of office workers
M. Henley / Panos Pictures
This key issues page aims to examine three main issues within education financing and  public expenditure management  (PEM), including: sources and levels of financing, planning and budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation.
Education in fragile states
School girls
T. Voeten / Panos Pictures
This key issues page examines the delivery of education in states that can be described as "fragile". It aims to provide a starting point for discussion on education in fragile states, and specifically provides literature on service delivery and aid effectiveness in fragile states, looks at why donors should focus investment on education in fragile states, and examines how this should be done.
Education in the Muslim world
Boy in front of mosque
S. Sprague / Panos Pictures
This key issues page aims to provide a starting point for discussion on education in the Muslim world.  Specifically, it provides literature on educational access with a focus on gender; curriculum and content of educational provision; and types of educational providers, and specifically, how decisions are being made about where children go to school.
Human resources in education
Woman reading
J. Horner / Panos Pictures
With a growing focus on the importance of ‘knowledge societies' for equipping countries with a suitable workforce, issues around human resources within the education sector have come under greater scrutiny. The human resource element has two important dimensions: education supplies human resources, but equally it is essential that those responsible for education receive high quality training and opportunities in order to fulfil their role. This key issues page provides an overview of the topic.
Inclusive education
Children listening
A. Hinton / Panos Pictures
It is essential that the goals and aims of inclusive education are integrated into education policy and practice if the Education for All goals are to be reached. This key issues guide explores the definitions and meanings of inclusive education, looks at who is vulnerable to exclusion, and examines case studies and approaches to inclusive education.
Non-state providers of education
Teacher and pupil
J. Coulson / Panos Pictures

Meeting international targets such as Education for All and the education-related Millennium Development Goals requires a rapid and large-scale expansion of education systems in many countries. With some governments finding it difficult to achieve this expansion, attention has turned to whether non-state provision could help fill the gap and compliment government services. This page provides an overview of what non-state providers are, how they operate, and how they could work together with governments and donors.

Post-primary education
Girl using computer
M. Ostergaard / Panos Pictures
This key issues page looks at and provides access to recommended readings on three main issues within the larger issue of post-primary education, namely: why investing in post-primary education is important, how to invest in post-primary education and how to provide quality post-primary education.
Social protection and education
Girls at school
F. Naumann / Panos Pictures
Social protection refers to policies and programmes that aim to help address risk vulnerability and chronic poverty. This page explores some of the evidence that has been gathered on social protection and education and considers what lessons have been learned.

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