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Gender

This paper reviews the World Vision's 'Cash and Food Transfers Pilot Project' in Lesotho, focusing on the impact of cash transfers on gender relations. The paper highlights the concerns that cash transfer programmes may have significant negative gender impacts. I the suspicions about women's ability to control the use of cash within the household compared to certain types of in-kind assistance. Likewise, it highlights the assumptions that men may use cash for anti-social expenditures.

The major findings of the paper are:

• gender conflicts within households are common, and are magnified during times of crisis such as food shortages
• cash transfers do not significantly increase anti-social expenditures; they do reduce gender conflicts and tensions within households
• generational conflicts resulting from cash transfers are of much greater concern than gender conflicts, and are particularly acute in households where the elderly are taking care of orphans and vulnerable children
• the equitable whole-wage system of managing cash transfer income that has emerged in Lesotho differs from systems for managing other sources of income
• accordingly, aspects of the World Vision pilot could inform cash transfer programming in other countries, and provide examples of best practice in reducing gender conflict and supporting gender equality within households
• in countries where many households are living with HIV and AIDS, greater attention needs to be paid to the impact of operations on generational relations within households

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