Challenging negative views of sexuality and reproduction

In the past, advocates of sexual and reproductive health and rights have focused on the negative: sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, and reproductive ill-health.

Fighting sexual violence is an important cause in its own right. However, the focus on rape is also strategic because it fits with traditional ideas of protecting women's chastity, and of men's sexuality as being "out of control" (Correa, 2000). Combating violence and disease is also less controversial than arguing for the rights of people to make their own choices around sexual activity, especially if these choices include sex outside accepted marriage forms, such as same sex sexual activity (Gosine).

Traditionally, public health has focused on family planning, and the prevention of disease and violence through health promotion and other interventions. Talking about sexuality and sexual pleasure have been seen as outside the remit of reproductive health services. However, calls are now being made to frame sexuality and reproduction in more positive terms, encompassing pleasure, equality and individual empowerment, linked to broader health and well-being (Correa, 2004).