Uganda: atlas of our changing environment

This atlas uses remotely sensed data, ground photographs and graphics to provide evidence on both positive and negative environmental changes in Uganda. The report aims at serving as a tool for informing decision-making processes in Uganda.

In terms of water, the report notes that most areas experience high potential for water evaporation in excess of rainfall. In addition, there is evidence of gradual decrease in the level of ground water which has been attributed to abstraction in access of yield. Nevertheless, the report stresses that the combination of structure and rich drainage system has made Uganda’s rivers to possess high potential for hydro-electric power production.

The report also notices that the various activities on land have resulted in reductions in productive capacities, leading to land degradation. Wetlands throughout the country are increasingly being encroached upon and reclaimed mainly for agriculture and settlements. This is already threatening the integrity and sustainability of these vital resources.

Furthermore, food production has been characterised by subsistence farming, which promotes consuming and depleting natural stocks of plant nutrients. Such a farming system has resulted in soil fertility degradation through nutrient mining.

Lastly, some key findings which need to be integrated in development plans are as follows:

• the siltation of lakes needs urgent attention
• the shrinkage in area of some lakes affecting the fish catch requires urgent intervention measures
• loss of woody biomass will have big consequences on the water regime and needs urgent intervention at both national and local government levels
• unplanned settlements in drainage channels should be halted immediately
• there is need for surveying and mapping of ground water resources potential
• appropriate land management practices are important to maintain soil fertility.