Gender Issues, Population and Development in Ethiopia

Gender Issues, Population and Development in Ethiopia

Published Oct 2001

Authors

J. Ahmed, A. Angeli, A. Biru et al.

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This paper documents gender issues in Ethiopia, particularly relating to education, employment and reproductive rights.

Although the Ethiopian constitution guarantees equality between women and men, this is not reflected in reality. Large discrepancies remain between women and men in education, employment and pay. Low female enrolment in school leads to lower employment opportunities. According to the National Labour Force survey of 1999, of 14 million employed men, 4.8 million were unpaid family workers, whereas of 10 million employed women, 6.9 million were unpaid family workers. Life expectancy is low and almost equal for both sexes, which indicates a disadvantage for women, as under equal conditions they live longer on average than men. Higher employment and education levels correspond to greater access to and use of contraception. Fertility rates are higher among women who have lower education, and do not participate in labour force, or do so at lower levels. The constitution defines the age of consent as 15 for girls, 18 for boys, but early marriage continues in rural areas with girls as young as 9 having arranged marriages.

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