Evaluating education - participatory performance indicators

Government leadership at both the national and sub-national levels is an essential step towards ensuring safely managed sanitation services for all. Though the importance of sub-national government leadership for water, sanitation and hygiene is widely acknowledged, to date much of the focus has been on the delivery of water services.

While property taxes are ideally suited for cities to generate own source revenue to provide services underpinning global competitiveness, the technical complexity of establishing tax rolls and administering them has traditionally been a deterrent to their more widespread use.

Following widespread decentralisation reforms, including across Africa, responsibility for sanitation & hygiene (S&H) often sits with sub-national governments.

Toilet quality, maintenance and accessibility can be factors in partial usage, but recent evidence points to mindsets, social norms and cultural preferences as also playing a significant role.

This edition presents a range of promising initiatives for addressing the challenges involved in securing universal access to safely managed sanitation, showcasing ideas that can inspire and be adapted to different country contexts.