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Food and fuel prices - recent developments, macroeconomic impact, and policy responses
International Monetary Fund, 2008This report provides a first broad assessment of the impact of the surge in food and fuel prices on the balance of payments, budgets, prices, and poverty of a large sample of countries. It reviews countries’ macroeconomic policy responses to date and also discusses International Monetary Fund 's (IMF) advice for managing the price increases. It advises that policies should:DocumentKiwiSaver: New Zealand’s new subsidized retirement savings plans
Social Security Online, 2007Since 2007 New Zealanders have had a new option for their retirement savings, KiwiSaver, a type of subsidised, defined contribution retirement savings plan offered by private-sector providers.DocumentFinancial literacy: an essential tool for informed consumer choice?
National Bureau of Economic Research, USA, 2008Over the past thirty years, individuals have had to become increasingly responsible for their own financial security following retirement. The shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) plans has meant that workers today have to decide both how much they need to save for retirement and how to allocate pension wealth.DocumentBridging the social security divide: lessons from abroad
Brookings Institution, 2008This paper addresses the social security divide in the United States. It particularly focuses on recent efforts by the Bush administration and highlights some lessons from other countries, whilst discussing a number of potential components of a reform package.DocumentThe housing crash and the retirement prospects of late baby boomers
Center for Economic and Policy Research, Washington, 2008Traditionally, Americans envisioned workers’ income in retirement as a three-legged stool involving Social Security, a defined benefit pension and personal savings. In the last two decades, the share of the workforce with defined benefit pensions has fallen sharply so that this no longer is a substantial component of retirement income for most workers.DocumentBanking through networks of retail agents
Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest, 2008Only about one-quarter of households in developing countries have any form of financial savings with formal banking institutions. The key constraint is the cost for banks to build and maintain branch networks to reach dispersed or low-income population.DocumentMaking the most of scarcity: accountability for better water management results in the Middle East and North Africa
World Bank, 2008Part of a series of development reports, this paper highlights the key challenges facing the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA). In particular, it aims to show how water is integrated into the wider economic policies of the countries of the region and for that reason, it brings water issues to non-water specialists, addressing a multi-sectoral audience.DocumentCollective bargaining: wage and non-wage settlement trends in the South African labour market
National Labour and Economic Development Institute, South Africa, 2008The continuing expansion of the wage gap in South Africa is the subject of this report. It examines wage and income trends in the period 1995-2005 in terms of racial background and sector of employment. Attention is particularly paid to negotiated pay settlements between employers and workers (often via unions) and non-wage conditions such as working hours and health and safety concerns.DocumentIndia’s foreign exchange reserves: a shield of comfort or an albatross?
Economic and Political Weekly, India, 2008Many observers believe that India can rely on its foreign exchange reserves to weather a storm in the international financial markets. This paper, however, contests this view. Due to liberalisation, it argues, volatile foreign capital in India exceeds the country's foreign exchange reserves. A balance of payment crisis is not only possible but increasingly likely as:DocumentThe urgent need for financial reform to mobilise savings in sub-Saharan Africa
International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, 2008A highly unsatisfactory mobilisation of savings by the liberalised financial systems of Sub-Saharan Africa has severely constrained investment and growth in the region. To a large degree, Sub-Saharan savings are directed towards non-financial assets and the informal financial sector because:Pages
