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• Document

  Human rights, formalisation and women’s land rights in southern and eastern Africa

  Institute of Women's Law, University of Oslo, 2005

  Land is a vital resource for rural livelihoods. Establishing and clarifying land rights through formalisation has become a key issue in development policies that aim to promote more productive uses of land. This report sets out a human rights-based approach (HRBA) for gender-equal and non-discriminatory land reform.
• Document

  Female genital cutting among the Somali of Kenya and management of its complications

  Population Council, USA, 2005

  This article, published by the Population Council, reports on a study which researched the practice of infibulation, the severest form of female genital cutting (FGC), among the Somali community of Northwestern Province, Kenya. The authors found that FGC is deeply rooted and widely supported within the community.
• Document

  Communities can create their own water supply and sanitation

  id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005

  Urban communities in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Angola are creating – and funding – their own water supply and sanitation services. Partnered with local governments they are covering large areas at much lower costs than conventional projects. To meet the Millennium target of sustainable access to safe drinking water, international agencies need to learn how to support such innovations.
• Document

  The role of social capital in street trading

  id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005

  Rapid urbanisation in sub-Saharan African cities is associated with migration and the growth of the informal economy, including street trade. Traders draw on and manipulate social relations to enhance their livelihoods. For formalisation policies to be effective, their impact on traders’ social relations must be taken into account.
• Document

  Global reach, local relevance: satellite broadcasting and poverty alleviation

  id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005

  Satellite broadcasting brings excellent sound quality and a variety of channels to the world’s most isolated rural areas. It is therefore considered an important information and communication technology that can contribute to poverty alleviation. With its wide geographical reach, however, it is difficult for satellite broadcasting to provide local content and relevant information.
• Document

  Improving paediatric care in Kenyan hospitals

  id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005

  Effective paediatric care requires a combination of skilled and motivated staff and the availability of equipment and supplies. A study of paediatric care in Kenyan district hospitals finds some workers committed to their role and interested in improving the quality of care.
• Document

  Infrastructure is the key to poverty reduction in Africa

  id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005

  African infrastructure development lags behind other regions. The lack of rural roads, telecommunications, electrification and water services is weakening poverty reduction efforts. Poor infrastructure directly affects poverty and requires urgent attention.
• Document

  Occasional papers on parliamentary government: democracy in the global village

  Parliamentary Centre, Canada, 2005

  Although produced by the Canadian Parliamentary Centre, this paper focuses on parliamentary governments globally, and highlights the links between the Centre’s work in Canada and elsewhere around the world.The paper contains four separate articles:the first discusses recent African experience as it relates to proportional representation (PR).
• Document

  How do pastoralists cope with increasing pressure on land?

  id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005

  As human and animal populations increase, competition for land also increases. The effects of this pressure are both ecological and social. Soil degrades, farming systems change and the laws and customs which govern land rights are stretched to breaking point. Nowhere are these issues more pressing than the marginal pastoralist areas of southern Kenya.
• Document

  Nine African budget transparency and participation case studies

  Institute for Democracy in South Africa, 2005

  The findings from this study explore budget transparency from the ordinary citizen's perspective. It sheds some light on information required to engage meaningfully with budgetary and other decisions involving public resources from the ordinary citizen's perspective.

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