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  • Document

    School meals, educational achievement and school competition: evidence from a randomized evaluation

    World Bank Research, 2004
    This paper examines the effects of subsidised school meals on preschool participation, educational achievement, and school finance in Kenya.Findings from the study include:the meals programme led to higher curriculum test scores, but only in schools where the teacher was relatively experienced prior to the programmethe school meals displaced teaching time and led to larger class siz
  • Document

    Buying and selling wildlife conservation in Kenya

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005
    The importance of wildlife to Kenya cannot be underestimated. Wildlife tourism generates more than one third of foreign exchange revenue. The livelihoods of many rural Kenyans are connected to wildlife-related policies and businesses. Interest in Kenyan wildlife spreads far beyond the country’s borders, however.
  • Document

    Increasing women’s role in food security in Africa

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005
    Women play a key role in securing food throughout Africa, yet local customs and legal institutions often discriminate against women, denying them access to land, resources, education and public services. Healthcare is also an issue, particularly HIV/AIDS. Women have to care for themselves and for sick relatives, leaving less time to find or produce food.
  • Document

    Using mid-level cadres as substitutes for internationally mobile health professionals in Africa: a desk review

    Human Resources for Health, 2004
    This article, from Human Resources for Health, examines the experiences of using substitute health workers (SHW) in Africa. The review focuses mainly on physicians and reviews data from Tanzania, Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Ghana. Findings demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of using SHWs and higher rates of retention within countries and in rural communities.
  • Document

    Does AIDS threaten the right to land?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005
    There are between 500 and 700 AIDS-related deaths in Kenya every day. Beyond this tragedy, the HIV/AIDS epidemic creates problems in many aspects of social and economic life. One such problem is decreased security of land tenure. There are dramatic accounts of AIDS widows and orphans being chased from their land and many more that tell of an increased sense of tenure insecurity due to HIV/AIDS.
  • Document

    Listening to African consumers about water sector reform

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2005
    Consumers are important stakeholders in water and sanitation but in Africa their voices are seldom heard. Permanent mechanisms are needed to ensure that Africa’s growing consumer movement is involved in helping policymakers determine prices, guarantee that all consumers, particularly marginalised and poor ones have access, and that services are transparent and sustainable.
  • Document

    Trade policy processes: is there space for civil society participation?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2003
    When civil society actors attempt to participate in the trade arena they often find that they are confronted with technical complexity, structural inequality and powerful pre-set agendas. Despite these obstacles, new pro-poor alliances are being created around trade policy which offer some cause for optimism.
  • Document

    Still clean - do hygiene practices continue after promotion programmes end?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2003
    What happens after a hygiene promotion programme ends?  Surprisingly little research has been done to find out whether such programmes have lasting effects.  This study investigated the question in six developing countries and found that changes to behaviour do last.
  • Document

    E-commerce for development is over-hyped

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2003
    Promotion of e-readiness is all the rage. Internet-based business to business (B2B) applications are promoted as tools to enable producer firms in developing countries to reduce costs and enter global markets. However, evidence is emerging that policy makers and development agencies are too optimistic about the poverty-busting potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs).
  • Document

    Not wasting waste: improving the livelihoods of poor urban waste pickers

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2003
    Sifting through and recycling used glass, metals and plastics is the only way for many urban inhabitants in low income countries to earn a living. In most cases they do not recycle all the waste and leave low value waste (LVW) unutilised.

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