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  • Document

    Double trouble - is there a link between herpes and HIV?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    HIV prevalence varies considerably across Africa. The rates are highest in parts of eastern and southern Africa but generally lower in western Africa. One possible explanation is that male circumcision, most common in the west of the continent, reduces the risk of infection. But could there also be a link with genital ulcer disease (GUD)?
  • Document

    No hiding place for information-hoarders: tackling the accountability deficit

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Can citizens help shape policies and hold politicians and civil servants to account? How can opportunities for citizen participation be institutionalised? Which public sector responsiveness initiatives undertaken in recent years are replicable? How should donors respond to recalcitrant states refusing to reform accountability relationships with service users?
  • Document

    Making a difference? Getting serious about gender and participatory development

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    The rhetoric of participation and gender awareness has entered the development mainstream. Has this led to more equitable development initiatives? What are the consequences of the frequently found slippage between ‘involving women’ and ‘addressing gender’? And how can those using participatory approaches address issues of gender difference more effectively?
  • Document

    Widening the net: do subsidised mosquito nets cover vulnerable groups?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are a vital tool in the reduction of death and disease due to malaria. But creating demand for ITNs is only half the battle. Increased access to nets, correct use and regular insecticide re- treatment are equally important. How can these aims be achieved?
  • Document

    Insecticide treatment of mosquito nets - the user’s view

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    The use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) can reduce illness and death from malaria in African children. This has prompted interest in developing mosquito net delivery and treatment programmes. In practice, however, selling subsidised ITNs is much easier than maintaining good re- treatment rates, especially when insecticide is distributed only through occasional visits of a project team.
  • Document

    Counting the cost of HIV in Southern Africa

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Southern Africa is the region with the highest rates of HIV infection in the world. An estimated 9.4 million of the total population of 97 million were HIV-positive in 1999. What impact will the HIV/AIDS epidemic have on the provision of health services in the region? Is there any scope for improving access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in low-income countries?
  • Document

    One step at a time - estimating STI cure rates

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Evaluations of sexually transmitted infection (STI) programmes often ignore the series of hurdles that patients have to overcome before they are cured. So they tend to overestimate cure rates.
  • Document

    A foreign affair? How far does Africa need foreign banks?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Free foreign bank entry is essential to financial liberalisation in Africa. It is also integral to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) protocols on the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) embraced by most African governments. What are the pros and cons of free foreign bank entry? What are the implications for local domestic banks?
  • Document

    Gut feelings - community views on deworming programmes

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    There are many small school-based deworming schemes in developing countries. These now face the challenge of expansion to the national scale. Each programme's success depends on the goodwill and co-operation of local people. Researchers from the Partnership for Child Development (PCD) investigated community perception of school- based treatment programmes in Ghana and Tanzania.
  • Document

    Self-diagnosis of schistosomiasis by Tanzanian schoolchildren

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass treatment of all schoolchildren with the drug praziquantel in areas where the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is greater than 50 percent. But is there any way that children can get treatment in areas where the prevalence is lower than this?

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