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  • Document

    Self-reliance - diagnosis of schistosomiasis in Tanzanian school children

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Almost 100 million people are infected with the parasite, Schistosoma haematobium, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Infection is particularly common and intense in children. School-based treatment programmes based on self-diagnosis are promoted as a cost- effective way to tackle the disease. But will this work for all children, regardless of their age or sex?
  • Document

    Democracy rules? Subduing armed forces in Africa

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Elected governments, which replaced authoritarian regimes during recent African ‘transitions to democracy’ remain vulnerable to military re-intervention and armed conflict. How have new democracies assured democratic control over their military and security establishments?
  • Document

    e-Governance: can it lead to better government?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    What is e-governance? Can information and communication technologies (ICTs) contribute to the achievement of good governance goals? What are the implications for development? Why, when there is so much promise, do many e- governance initiatives go wrong? Can the gulf between the connected and the un-connected be bridged?
  • Document

    Malaria control on the cheap - who really pays?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Who should pay for malaria control? The switch from insecticide house-spraying programmes to promoting treated mosquito nets often transfers financial responsibility from governments and donors to poor individuals. Research from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine shows that failing to provide free nets and insecticide to the poor may have negative consequences for everyone.
  • Document

    Change for the better: improving health service standards in Tanzania

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Under-resourced government health systems in sub-Saharan Africa often provide poor quality services. How can policy-makers improve healthcare standards without unsustainable increases in expenditure? The Tanzania Family Health Project implemented a range of interventions involving staff, facilities and services in the Mbeya region. Within two years, substantial progress has been made.
  • Document

    Digging deep - new dimensions of HIV prevention in southern Africa's mines

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Labour migration plays an important role in HIV transmission, particularly in the mining industry in eastern and southern Africa. HIV prevalence is around 30 percent amongst South African gold miners. Improved strategies for HIV prevention are obviously needed - is it time for a new approach?
  • Document

    Looking out for eye problems in Tanzanian children

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Most children in Tanzania never have an eye examination. How many of them have poor eyesight or eye diseases? Would a school- based eye screening programme be justified in this population? Could teachers be trained to perform basic screening for eye problems?
  • Document

    On trial - house spraying versus treated bednets for malaria control

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Insecticide-treated mosquito nets have replaced house spraying as the preferred method for preventing malaria in many endemic areas. But which is most effective? Entomologists from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the South African Medical Research Council reviewed trials of the two strategies in Africa, Asia and Melanesia.
  • Document

    Made to measure: estimating drug dosage for school-based shistosomiasis treatment

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    The World Health Organisation recommends mass treatment of all schoolchildren where the prevalence of schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is greater than 50 percent. Drug doses are usually based on bodyweight, but scales are fragile and costly and so are impractical for school-based treatment programmes. Is there a simple and cheap alternative for calculating drug dosage?
  • Document

    Altogether now? HIV prevention by mass treatment of sexually-transmitted infections

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    In the absence of affordable treatments or an effective vaccine, prevention is currently the only realistic option for HIV control in developing countries. Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) are thought to enhance the risk of HIV infection through sexual contact. What is the best way to control STIs and hence reduce the spread of HIV?

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