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  • Document

    Risk of conflict: can using a gender lens improve early warning systems?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Early warning systems are playing an increasingly important role in identifying areas at risk of violent conflict. But do they include gender issues? How could gender- sensitive indicators form a part of information collection at the grassroots level? How can we ensure that political and humanitarian responses to crises better address the vulnerabilities specific to women and men?
  • Document

    The cost of hospital care for people with HIV in Kenya

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    HIV continues to increase the burden on already over-stretched health services in developing countries. DFID-funded research involving the UK's Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine assessed the economic burden of HIV/AIDS on medical services at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Document

    Is cooking a waste of energy? Promoting more efficient household stoves

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    In many developing countries governments, donors, NGOs and academics have promoted the use of fuel-efficient stoves (in order to reduce health effects, environmental degradation and household expenditure on traditional fuels). In Kenya and Ethiopia such promotional programmes have been very successful. Why have programmes elsewhere had only limited success?
  • Document

    Battle plan: new strategies for malaria prevention in Kenya

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Malaria kills an estimated 26,000 Kenyan children below the age of five every year. With the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs), over 40 percent of life-threatening malaria infections in childhood could be prevented and mortality reduced by 33 percent. How can ownership, re-treatment and use of ITNs in Kenya be increased?
  • Document

    The unhappy event: the risk of poor birth outcomes in Kenya

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Our current knowledge about risk factors for poor birth outcomes is based almost exclusively on hospital data. How relevant are these findings in developing countries where most babies are born at home? A study by the UK University of Southampton examines factors linked to premature births, underweight babies and Caesarean section deliveries in Kenya.
  • Document

    Dicing with death? The impact of hospital choice and other factors on maternal mortality

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Health resources should be focused on those in greatest need in developing countries. It is important to identify groups of women who have an increased risk of maternal mortality and develop appropriate policies to target them. But could a woman's choice of hospital be an important risk factor?
  • Document

    "Promises and pitfalls of peri-urban irrigated agriculture"

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Informal irrigation on the outskirts of urban areas provides an important source of income for the poor. Why do agricultural extension services ignore these vulnerable small farmers? What should be done to support livelihoods while protecting the environment and the health of consumers?
  • Document

    UK and overseas universities: working together to promote development?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    The UK’s Higher Education Links Scheme (HEL) promotes exchanges (usually for three years) between UK and overseas universities. In line with objectives set out in its 1997 White Paper on the Elimination of World Poverty, the UK is keen that HEL should focus on poverty alleviation, sustainable development and gender equity. Is this re-emphasis producing results?
  • Document

    Decentralisation: not necessarily always a good thing?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Decentralisation is in vogue and not just in multi-party democracies. Military dictatorships, one-party states and even authoritarian monarchies have signed up. Amidst this enthusiasm, is there empirical evidence that decentralised regimes are more likely to be pro-poor, responsive and transparent? Have decentralisation and democratisation been naively conflated?
  • Document

    Reviving Kenyan soil: a participatory approach to fertility management

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    In Kenya declining soil fertility is combining with rising population, water shortages and inefficient input, credit and marketing systems to threaten rural livelihoods. What are the causes and effects of soil fertility decline? What enabling environment must be created to get agronomists, policy makers and farmers to work together to search for solutions?

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