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Humanitarianism under threat - the impact of small arms and light weapons
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002Of the more than 150 major conflicts since the Second World War, 130 have been fought in developing countries. Today's mainly intra- state, low intensity, violent political conflicts are on the increase. Small arms and light weapons are the principal weapons used in conflict situations. But what is their humanitarian cost? And what affect does this have on sustainable development?DocumentRaising gender sensitivity: ethical trade in African horticulture
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002African producers exporting fresh fruit, vegetables and flowers to UK supermarkets now have to meet codes of conduct covering their conditions of employment. Much of the workforce is female seasonal labour, with men predominantly occupying permanent and more secure work. Employment conditions are often far worse for women.DocumentAwash with weaponry: can communities disarm themselves?
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002As a result of a combination of decades of poor governance and a fragile ecological system characterised by recurrent drought, the pastoral regions of northern Kenya are caught in a vicious cycle of violent conflicts that fuel poverty and diminish the prospects for development. This is all made worse by the easy availability of arms. What causes the proliferation of small arms?DocumentSmart decisions: education and condom use in Africa
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002Why do so few people in sub-Saharan Africa use condoms regularly? How can condom promotion campaigns be more effective? Researchers from a collaborative study between institutions in Europe and Africa report on a study in four cities in sub- Saharan Africa.DocumentA man amongst men: can male gender trainers tip the balance?
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002Gender training is central to gender and development (GAD) work in East Africa and Kenya. In the 1980s, gender work was strongly linked to women’s issues and male gender trainers were disparagingly received. How vital are gender trainers in transforming the attitudes of men resistant to gender quality?DocumentConspiracy of silence? Stamping out abuse in African schools
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002Schools in sub-Saharan Africa tolerate serious sexual harassment and abuse, most of it perpetrated by older male pupils and male teachers. Why is the school a violent place for girls? How does school culture encourage gender violence? In the light of the AIDS crisis, sexual violence against young girls needs to be vigorously tackled.DocumentOn trial - house spraying versus treated bednets for malaria control
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002Insecticide-treated mosquito nets have replaced house spraying as the preferred method for preventing malaria in many endemic areas. But which is most effective? Entomologists from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the South African Medical Research Council reviewed trials of the two strategies in Africa, Asia and Melanesia.DocumentMust the small go to the wall? Financing small enterprises
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002How can small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) become more efficient? Can the success of northern SMEs be replicated in developing countries? How has trade liberalisation impacted SMEs?DocumentReproducing national trends? Maasai fertility in Kenya and Tanzania
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002Do the fertility rates of the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania reflect the national levels in those countries? Or is there an independent "Maasai fertility regime"? Research at the London School of Economics has examined fertility among the Maasai and compared it with national trends.DocumentHerd instinct?: A better deal for African pastoralists
id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 1999Pastoralists in east Africa, once seen as backward and illiterate and criticised by policy makers for their supposed mismanagement of herds and natural resources, are now perceived as rational, productive and highly skilled livestock keepers. Yet, how can rising poverty, extreme levels of conflict, and competition for land be overcome?Pages
