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Concessions of busways to the private sector : the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region experience
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995A pioneer project in Sao Paulo, Brazil (and in the world) demonstrates that private companies are ready to go deeper into public transport than they have gone before.DocumentPopulation growth, factor accumulation, and productivity
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996New insights --- from new data --- on the relationship between population growth, factor accumulation, and productivity.In research on how population growth affects economic performance, some researchers stress that population growth reduces the natural resources and capital (physical and human) per worker while other researchers stress how greater population size and density affect productivitDocumentLiquidity, banks, and markets : effects of financial development on banks and the maturity of financial claims
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996The amount of liquidity that banks offer depends on the degree of direct participation in financial markets --- that is, on the liquidity of financial markets. Conversely, banks influence the amount of liquidity offered by financial markets.Financial markets and financial institutions compete to provide investors with liquidity.DocumentEssentials for sustainable urban transport in Brazil's large metropolitan areas
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996Four pillars for sound development and longterm sustainability of the urban transport sector in large metropolitan areas.Before financing major urban transport projects, decisionmakers should attempt to put in place the basic elements for long-term sustainability of the sector.DocumentEconomic Regulation of Water Companies
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999The key to effective regulation of water companies is to generate information that allows the regulator to make good rules and allows the interest groups to watch out for improprieties by the regulator.Both public and private water companies need regulation (of water price and quality) when real competition is not feasible.DocumentPrivate pension funds in Hungary : early performance and regulatory issues
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996The early performance of Hungary's voluntary private pension funds suggests that concerns about Hungary's ability to implement successful pension reform may be exaggerated.Despite the limited scope resulting from the high payroll taxes for the compulsory, unfunded public pillar in Hungary's pension system, the early performance of the voluntary private pension funds has been encouraging and inDocumentRisk, taxpayers, and the role of government in project finance
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996A perennial question has been the relative cost of public and private finance for investment projects in infrastructure. Klein argues that the apparent cheapness of sovereign funds stems from taxpayers' not being remunerated for the contingent liability they effectively assume.DocumentReforming Indonesia's Pension System
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999Key options for reforming Indonesia's pension system: reshape the mandatory defined contribution plan (Jamsostek), make employer sponsored pensions more attractive and affordable, and contain the fiscal burden of civil service plans (Taspen).Indonesia's nascent capital markets stand to benefit significantly from a thriving pension industry.DocumentThe evolution of payments in Europe, Japan, and the U.S. : lessons for emerging market economies / David B. Humphrey ... [et al.]
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996Lessons from the evolution of payment systems in Europe, Japan, and the United States provide a useful guide for emerging market economies in improving their own payment arrangements to foster economic growth.Some payment arrangements are more efficient than others in promoting economic growth in a market based economy.DocumentNations, conglomerates, and empires : the tradeoff between income and sovereignty
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996Why after the break-up of such multinational states as the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, whose republics justified their decision by claiming that they wanted to regain their sovereignty, did the new states express strong desire to join the European Union, thus dissipating the very sovereignty they had sought?One of the apparent inconsistencies in the break-up of such multinatioPages
