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Showing 161-170 of 292 results

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• Document

  Political Representation, Democratic Institutions and Women's Empowerment: The Quota Debate in India

  Routledge, London, 2002

  The debate on quotas in India has reflected disquiet about the perceived elitism of 'the women's movement', and has challenged women's groups to address issues of difference among women based on class and caste. This chapter argues that the issue of power must be taken into account - empowerment of whom, by whom, through what and for what?
• Document

  Gender, Class and Caste Schisms in Affirmative Action Policies: The Curious Case of India's Women's Reservation Bill

  Routledge, 2002

  Following the introduction of economic liberalisation policies in 1991, India has registered steady gains in terms of conventional economic indices such as external trade, investment inflows, and foreign exchange reserves. However, women have not shared equitably in these gains.
• Document

  Engineering Elections: The Experiences of Women in Panchayati Raj in Karnataka, India

  Springer Netherlands, 2003

  The term empowerment entered the development lexicon some three decades ago. Since then it has been used widely in various contexts, losing in the process some of its edge and efficacy. Nevertheless, it continues to be useful as one of the few ideas that capture the notion of acquiring social, political and economic power as both a dynamic process and its end result.
• Document

  Performances of resistance: women’s struggle for political power in Cambodia

  United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, 2006

  This paper explores how politically engaged Cambodian women build strategies and perform various types of resistance to the male domination of political arenas. It investigates possible ways to eliminate gendered hierarchies of power and how to alter perceptions of male/female stereotyped roles and behaviours.
• Document

  Gender Mainstreaming or just More Male-Streaming? Experiences of Popular Participation in Bolivia.

  Routledge, 2005

  The Law of Popular Participation (LPP) in Bolivia can be seen as the first significant attempt by policy makers in the region to mainstream gender into a national development initiative. It aims to increase the prominence of women in local political and development spheres and is the first Bolivian law to be explicitly couched in gendered terms.
• Document

  Nigeria: political transition and the complexities ofgender empowerment

  United Nations [UN] Division for the Advancement of Women, 2005

  The paper looks at the inherent gender constraints and the role of individuals as catalysts for change in the Nigerian political process through a biographical sketch of Representative Patricia Etteh.Nigeria experienced democratic transition in 1999 and a peaceful transfer of power from one elected government to another.
• Document

  Freedom for women: mainstreaming gender in the South African liberation struggle and beyond

  Oxfam, 2005

  As a result of women's activism, non-sexism became a key goal of the national liberation struggle in South Africa. During the negotiations for democracy, women drew on their experience of the years of struggle to ensure that gender equality was enshrined in the constitution, and that an array of gender machinery was put in place to mainstream gender in the new state.
• Document

  The Politics of State Structures: Citizenship and the National Machinery for Women in South Africa

  African Gender Institute, South Africa, 2004

  The National Machinery for Women was established in South Africa after the 1994 elections, largely as a result of the political pressure generated by the Women's National Coalition. Through tracking one particular piece of legislation - the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act - this paper analyses the effectiveness of the National Machinery for Women in South Africa.
• Document

  Human development and Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) –Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women: mainstreaming gender equality and women’s empowerment

  United Nations Development Programme, 2003

  This report examines the status of women in Sudan, using the third Millennium Development Goal of women's empowerment as the framework. It begins with an overview of some key definitions, including gender mainstreaming and women's empowerment.
• Document

  Citizenship: towards a feminist synthesis

  Feminist Review, 1997

  This article outlines how citizenship can be used as a political and theoretical tool by combining 'rights' and 'participation'. Participation in social, economic, cultural and political decision-making provides a more dynamic and active form of rights in which people work together to improve their quality of life.

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