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• Document

  Trade Impact Review

  2002

  This tool provides an extensive overview of the literature and frameworks to analyse gender-differentiated impacts of new trade and investment agreements undertaken by the United States (US) prior to their negotiation and signing. A framework is then proposed that accounts for both the economic as well as legal effects of trade agreements on women and men.
• Document

  Manual for Value Chain Research on Homeworkers in the Garment Industry

  Institute of Development Studies UK, 2002

  This manual provides a comprehensive approach to using value chain research and analysis to improve the lives of homeworkers in the global economy. The focus of the manual is on women and men who provide subcontracted piecework services to the global garment industry, although the lessons from the manual may be broadened to other sectors.
• Document

  Women, the State and Labour Rights Activism: The Role of Women's Organisations in Improving Labour Standards in Nicaragua

  Central American Women’s Network, 2005

  Maria Elena Cuadra (MEC) is an NGO set up in 1994 by leaders of the Women's Secretariat of the Sandinista Workers' Central (CST) trade union in Nicaragua. MEC was established in the light of the failure of the union to take women's concerns into account. As MEC is an NGO not a union, they were initially excluded from formal labour negotiations.
• Document

  Fair Trade: Gender Makes the Difference

  World Conservation Union, 2004

  Fair trade is crucial for sustainable development. It provides better trading conditions to marginalised producers and workers, particularly women. This short briefing note outlines the importance of ensuring that fair trade initiatives incorporate a gender perspective.
• Document

  Ethical Trade in African Horticulture: Gender, Rights and Participation

  Institute of Development Studies UK, 2004

  Are codes of conduct enough to address the gendered needs of women working in African horticulture? This paper addresses the growing use of codes of conduct outlining the employment conditions expected of southern producers. It provides an in-depth assessment of gender and ethical trade in South Africa (fruit), Kenya (flowers) and Zambia (flowers and vegetables).
• Document

  Trading Away Our Rights: Women Working in Global Supply Chains

  Oxfam, 2004

  What are the difficulties faced by the predominantly female workforce at the end of global supply chains for fruit, vegetables and clothing which are dominated by powerful multinational corporations? This Oxfam report outlines these difficulties.
• Document

  Engendering Canadian Trade Policy: A Case Study of Labour Mobility in Trade Agreements

  Status of Women Canada, 2004

  This study provides a gender analysis of Canada's commitments under labour mobility agreements associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (mode 4). These agreements intend to support increased cross-border trade and investment by facilitating the movement of high-skilled workers, business managers and executives.
• Document

  Rotten fruit: Tesco profits as women workers pay a high price

  ActionAid International, 2005

  Tesco recently announced record profits of ?2 billion. But according to this study by ActionAid in South Africa, thousands of women casual workers growing fruit on farms accredited by Tesco are being exploited. Findings showed that farm workers are paid below the minimum wage, are exposed to pesticides, suffer food insecurity, and have poor quality housing.
• Document

  Wage Discrimination by Gender in Morocco's Urban Labour Force: Evidence and Implications for Industrial and Labour Policy (Chapter in Women's Employment in the Textile Manufacturing Sectors of Bangladesh and Morocco)

  2002

  Gender-based wage discrimination is linked to trade performance and competitiveness. This paper argues that the low-wage export strategy based on female labour needs to be rethought if Morocco is to maintain its share of textile exports in the global economy.
• Document

  Gender and Employment in Moroccan Textile Industries (Chapter in Women's Employment in the Textile Manufacturing Sectors of Bangladesh and Morocco)

  2002

  Is working in the factory liberating for women, or simply another area where she suffers from gender inequality? This chapter argues that unequal gender relations within the family and society are carried into the factory and reproduced there.

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