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  • Document

    Integrated national policy approaches to climate-smart agriculture: Insights from Brazil, Ethiopia, and New Zealand

    Climate Change Agriculture Food Security, 2014
    CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change report examining integrated national policies on climate-smart agricultural in Brazil, Ethiopia, and New Zealand.
  • Document

    Green economy in Amapá State, Brazil: Progress and perspectives

    International Institute for Environment and Development, 2014
    This report discusses the opportunities presented by the Amapá State government’s intention to make the transition to a green economy. It explores initial progress in green policy and activity, and associated dynamics in the political economy, and lays out a broad but feasible set of sectoral and cross-sectoral policy options.
  • Document

    Research briefing: institutions for macroeconomic stability in Brazil

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    Possibly the greatest contemporary challenge for Brazil is to return to the cycles of institutional reform that were implemented at the end of the twentieth century, which could then serve as a reference or example for other emerging economies. But, as this briefing argues, amongst policy makers, there is little impetus to review, much less restructure, monetary, tax and fiscal institutions.
  • Document

    Institutions for macro stability in Brazil: inflation targets and fiscal responsibility

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    Monetary and fiscal institutions have played a decisive role in the stabilisation of the Brazilian economy since the mid-1990s. Brazil’s experience of designing and managing institutions to this end is likely to be of interest to other emerging and low-or middle-income economies.
  • Document

    Research briefing: explaining the decline in earnings inequality in Brazil: 1995 - 2012

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    Long one of the world’s most unequal countries, Brazil has experienced a significant reduction in income inequality since macroeconomic stabilisation around 1994-1995.
  • Document

    A more level playing field? Explaining the decline in earnings inequality in Brazil, 1995 - 2012

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    Long one of the world’s most unequal countries, Brazil has experienced a non-trivial reduction in income inequality since macroeconomic stabilisation around 1994-1995. The decline was particularly pronounced since 2003, a period during which average incomes grew relatively rapidly–by as much as 40% overall–and poverty fell sharply.
  • Document

    Research briefing: taxation, redistribution and the social contract in Brazil

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    The current Brazilian tax system is beset by complexity and inefficiencies. In distributional terms, the tax system is neutral in the sense that rates of tax are roughly similar across the income distribution. Proposals for more substantial tax reform have never materialised.
  • Document

    Taxation, redistribution and the social contract in Brazil

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    The paper explores theoretically and empirically Brazil’s tax revenue from a political and political economy perspective. The absence of ‘big bang’ reforms to the tax code and tax administration suggests that policy models are less directly relevant to explaining the rise in the tax/GDP ratio.
  • Document

    Infrastructure and its role in Brazil’s development process

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    During the “lost decade” of the 1980s, when Brazil underwent a serious debt crisis, investments in infrastructure withered. By the early 1990s, Brazil faced the necessity of substantially modernising its infrastructure sector.
  • Document

    Infrastructure and its role in Brazil’s development process - working paper

    International Research Initiative on Brazil and Africa, 2014
    The recovery in fortunes of the Brazilian economy since the middle of the 1990s encompasses a number of positive dimensions. Unlike in previous epochs, Brazil’s creditable growth performance has been associated with prolonged price stability and the avoidance of excessive accumulation of international debt.

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