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• Document

  Political Representation, Democratic Institutions and Women's Empowerment: The Quota Debate in India

  Routledge, London, 2002

  The debate on quotas in India has reflected disquiet about the perceived elitism of 'the women's movement', and has challenged women's groups to address issues of difference among women based on class and caste. This chapter argues that the issue of power must be taken into account - empowerment of whom, by whom, through what and for what?
• Document

  Engineering Elections: The Experiences of Women in Panchayati Raj in Karnataka, India

  Springer Netherlands, 2003

  The term empowerment entered the development lexicon some three decades ago. Since then it has been used widely in various contexts, losing in the process some of its edge and efficacy. Nevertheless, it continues to be useful as one of the few ideas that capture the notion of acquiring social, political and economic power as both a dynamic process and its end result.
• Document

  Performances of resistance: women’s struggle for political power in Cambodia

  United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, 2006

  This paper explores how politically engaged Cambodian women build strategies and perform various types of resistance to the male domination of political arenas. It investigates possible ways to eliminate gendered hierarchies of power and how to alter perceptions of male/female stereotyped roles and behaviours.
• Document

  Re-thinking Gender Mainstreaming in African NGOs and Communities

  Routledge, 2005

  What does gender equality mean to local people in Africa? This article looks at the reasons for resistance to gender mainstreaming initiatives among local NGOs and communities in Zambia, Rwanda, Uganda and the Gambia. It is based on research carried out by Transform Africa, which aimed to enhance understanding of what gender equality means in the context of different African countries.
• Document

  Leading to choices: a leadership training handbook for women

  Women's Learning Partnership for Rights, Development, and Peace, 2001

  This handbook is based on a conceptualisation of leadership as horizontal, inclusive, and participatory; as a process that leads to greater choices for all by fostering communication among individuals who learn from each other, create a shared vision, and reach a common goal forged by consensus.
• Document

  The Women's Movement in the Zimbabwe Constitutional Debate: The Continuous Journey to a Gender Fair Constitution

  BRIDGE, 2005

  This paper outlines the struggle of Zimbabwean women to free themselves from oppressive and exploitative discourses during colonial and post-colonial periods. It discusses how institutionalised patriarchy marginalised women and demonstrates women's refusal to behave as passive victims.
• Document

  Human development and Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) –Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women: mainstreaming gender equality and women’s empowerment

  United Nations Development Programme, 2003

  This report examines the status of women in Sudan, using the third Millennium Development Goal of women's empowerment as the framework. It begins with an overview of some key definitions, including gender mainstreaming and women's empowerment.
• Document

  Citizenship: towards a feminist synthesis

  Feminist Review, 1997

  This article outlines how citizenship can be used as a political and theoretical tool by combining 'rights' and 'participation'. Participation in social, economic, cultural and political decision-making provides a more dynamic and active form of rights in which people work together to improve their quality of life.
• Document

  Women, citizenship and difference

  Feminist Review, 1997

  In a globalising world where the role of the local, the national and the global is shifting, the meanings of citizenship are also changing. This article presents some new theoretical discussions on gender and citizenship.
• Document

  Whose Sexuality Counts? Politic Visions of the Poor and their Sexualities. The possibilities of Rights Based Approaches and Participation.

  BRIDGE, 2005

  Whose sexuality counts? This paper argues that the poor are often treated by development professionals as children without sexualities, rather than as citizens with a right to sexuality and pleasure. The development industry has only tended to engage with sexuality in relation to reproduction (not pleasure), or in relation to negative issues like HIV/AIDS.

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