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Russian unemployment : its magnitude, characteristics and regional dimensions
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995The contraction in net employment has been smaller in Russia than in Eastern Europe, but Russian unemployment has been increasing and will probably increase further.Registered unemployment in Russia is now 2 percent; surveys indicate a true rate of between 5 and 6 percent.DocumentEfficiency in Bulgaria's schools : a non-parametric study
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995More efficient use of school classrooms in Bulgaria's sparsely populated rural areas could free up funds to spend on other educational essentials.In Eastern European countries in large social sectors such as education, inefficiency and technical deficiencies are the legacy of the old command economy.Bogetic and Chattophadyay examine the technical efficiency of classroom use (defined as the nDocumentRural nonfarm employment : a survey
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995Although governments in some countries are implementing projects to support small scale and rural enterprises, more commonly the rural non farm sector operates in a policy environment that is biased against it.DocumentStock market development and financial intermediaries : stylized facts
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995The three most developed stock markets are in Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and the most underdeveloped markets are in Colombia, Nigeria, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.DocumentStock market development and firm financing choices
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995Are banks and stock markets complements or substitutes?DocumentEnvironmental regulation and development : a cross - country empirical analysis
New Ideas in Pollution Regulation, World Bank, 1995Paper develops comparative indices of environmental policy and performance for thirty-one countries, using a quantified analysis of reports prepared for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).DocumentEnvironmental inspections and emissions of the pulp and paper industry : the case of Quebec
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995Both inspections and the threat of inspections reduce pollution emissions. Moreover, inspections induce plants to report their emissions levels more frequently to regulators.Since the early 1970s, industrial countries have enacted (or amended) many environmental laws and regulations to control and improve air and water quality.DocumentTrade reform design as a signal to foreign investors : lessons for economies in transition
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995The design of trade policy reform can encourage or discourage foreign direct investment by revealing the government's commitment to protect the interests of foreign investors. The optimal policy is analyzed under four scenarios.DocumentEducational attainment in developing countries : new estimates and projections disaggregated by gender
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1995Expectations are that educational attainment will grow most in the Middle East and North Africa and least in Sub Saharan Africa. It should improve greatly in South Asia, where the level of attainment is lowest. The gender gap in education may have risen in the past decade.
