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  • Document

    Agrarian structure in Poland : the myth of large farm superiority

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Policy makers who currently promote large, mechanized farms in Poland to the detriment of smaller farms should reevaluate these policies. Smaller farms are more labour-intensive than large farms, and no less efficient.In Poland, present policies are aimed at promoting large, mechanized farms over smaller family farms.
  • Document

    Why have some Indian states done better than others at reducing rural poverty?

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Experience in India suggests that reducing rural poverty requires both economic growth (farm and non farm) and human resource development.The unevenness of the rise in rural living standards in the various states of India since the 1950s allowed Datt and Ravallion to study the causes of poverty.They modeled the evolution of average consumption and various poverty measures using pooled state
  • Document

    The stock market as a source of finance : a comparison of U.S. and Indian firms

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Internal finance is less important for Indian firms than U.S. firms, and external debt more --- but for neither is the stockmarket an important source.In seeking funding, a firm's main choice is between external and internal financing. And, says Samuel, the evidence suggests that the stock market plays only a limited role providing finance for both U.S.
  • Document

    The analysis of emerging policy issues in development finance : a survey of the literature

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    A survey of recent economic literature and a case for improving capacity in developing countries to monitor and analyze data on private capital flows, especially portfolio investment flows (through both debt and non debt instruments).Gooptu makes a case for improving capacity in developing countries to monitor and analyze data on private capital flows, especially portfolio investment flows (thr
  • Document

    Pricing industrial pollution in China : an econometric analysis of the levy system

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    An analysis of provincial water pollution control shows that China's pollution levy system has been working much better than is commonly believed.Wang and Wheeler analyze China's experience with the water pollution levy, an emissions charge system that covers hundreds of thousands of factories.The levy experience has not been studied systematically, but anecdotal critiques have suggested tha
  • Document

    The consequences of doubling the minimum wage : the case of Indonesia

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Results suggest that doubling Indonesia's minimum wage led to a 10 percent increase in average wages, a 2 percent decrease in wage employment, and a 5 percent decrease in investment.
  • Document

    Poverty and inequality during structural adjustment in rural Tanzania

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Growth attributed to structural adjustment has benefited the population generally, shifting a significant portion of the population from below the poverty line to above it.
  • Document

    Nations, conglomerates, and empires : the tradeoff between income and sovereignty

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Why after the break-up of such multinational states as the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, whose republics justified their decision by claiming that they wanted to regain their sovereignty, did the new states express strong desire to join the European Union, thus dissipating the very sovereignty they had sought?One of the apparent inconsistencies in the break-up of such multinatio
  • Document

    How important are labor markets to the welfare of the poor in Indonesia?

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Because poverty mainly afflicts agricultural and self-employed households in Indonesia, the most direct ways that policy can help to reduce poverty are through improving the operation of product, land, and capital markets, particularly where the regulatory environment now works to reduce farm profitability or inhibit entry to productive enterprises by the poor.
  • Document

    Does environmental regulation matter? : determinants of the location of new manufacturing plants in India in 1994

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997
    The costs attributable to complying with environmenta lregulation are not as important as other determinants of where Indian businesses locate new plants. The level of existing businessactivity overwhelms all other factors affecting location decisions. The cost of complying with environmental regulations has been cited as a major burden on businesses.

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