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  • Document

    Applying Economic Analysis to Technical Assistance Projects

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999
    Although there is rarely any quantitative economic analysis of technical assistance loans or loan components, the author estimates that roughly 60 percent of the technical assistance in a sample of 40 projects was suitable for quantitative analysis. He also estimates that 80 percent of the technical assistance in the investment loans in his sample was not necessary for project implementation.
  • Document

    Towards a Market Economy: Structures of Governance

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    Sustainable long run growth requires the creation of a secure economic environment to encourage investment. Such security results from the assurance that the return on enterprise and investment will accrue to the entrepreneur and investor.
  • Document

    From Generosity to Sustainability - The Austrian Pension System and Options for its Reform

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    Austria is probably the world.s leader in pension expenditures.not because of its demographic structure but because of the generosity of its pension system.
  • Document

    Fiscal Imbalances, Capital Inflows, and the Real Exchange Rate: The Case of Turkey

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    This paper examines the links between fiscal policy, uncovered interest rate differentials, the real exchange rate, and capital inflows in Turkey since the late 1980s. The first part reviews recent macroeconomic developments in Turkey. It shows that capital inflows coincided with a period of significant deterioration in fiscal balances, high interest rates, and an appreciating real exchange rate.
  • Document

    Regional Integration and the Prices of Imports: An Empirical Investigation

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999
    For the first time, the effects of regional trading preferences on members and on the rest of the world are investigated by examining their effects on the prices at which trade occurs. The case studies how Spanish accession to the European Community affected the prices of imports from the European Community, Japan and the United States.
  • Document

    Government Employment and Pay: A Global and Regional Perspective

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999
    An honest and competent civil service is essential for public sector efficiency and economic development. As a complex institutional challenge, civil service reform is worth doing only if it is done well.
  • Document

    Do Labour Market Policies and Growth Fundamentals Matter for Income Inequality in OECD Countries? Some Empirical Evidence

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    Income distribution is of obvious social concern in its own right, and it obviously affects economic performance. This paper analyzes the determinants of inequality in the context of a specific model in which labor market policies and the level of economic activity affect unemployment, which in turn affects inequality.
  • Document

    Possible Effects of European Monetary Union on Switzerland: A Case Study of Policy Dilemmas Caused by Low Inflation and the Nominal Interest Rate Floor

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    As the planned date for the third stage of European Monetary Union (EMU) draws near, the spillover effects are likely to be felt in countries not just in the EU but also outside it. Switzerland is one such European country that could be considerably affected by the developments surrounding EMU.
  • Document

    The Reform of the Pension System in Italy

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    A fundamental reform of the Italian pension system was enacted in August 1995 with the approval of Law 355. The law modified substantially the mechanism for computing retirement benefits, merged the old-age and seniority pension schemes into a single scheme that still allows, but also penalizes, early retirement, and introduced measures aimed at closing various loopholes.
  • Document

    Policy Implications of Second-Generation Crisis Models

    International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997
    The 1992-93 currency crises in Europe and the 1994 crisis in Mexico renewed interest in modeling speculative attacks on government-controlled exchange rates. Responding to events, economists began to develop models of currency crises with multiple solutions in which a crisis could be modeled as an economy jumping from one solution to another.

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