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  • Document

    Tracking changes in access to water in East Africa

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Has access to sufficient good quality water improved or worsened over time? Snapshot studies offer information on current changes, but little is known about how access has changed over a longer period.
  • Document

    Are science exams in Africa failing students?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Is primary science assessment in anglophone Africa consistent and appropriate? Is there convergence between assessment systems in rich and poor countries? Are advances in assessment techniques reflected in African examinations? If not, do the reasons reflect differences in context?
  • Document

    African distance learning: reaching parts other education systems cannot reach?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Can non-formal radio and correspondence courses provide basic education to Africans bypassed by the school system? What are the key constraints, problems and success factors in the field of distance education in Africa? Could greater commitment of resources to distance education plug discriminatory gaps in African formal education systems?
  • Document

    The consequences of refugee flows and managing the aftermath

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Is the impact of refugees always negative? Are governments that accept refugees justified in depicting them as a burden? Or are refugees potential agents of development? Could support of livelihood activities enable refugees to lessen their dependence on aid and reduce tension with their hosts? Could locals benefit from refugee camp infrastructure when refugees go home?
  • Document

    HIV/AIDS, poverty and schooling: an AIDS epidemic or a poverty epidemic?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Apocalyptic assumptions about the impact of high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates may be unhelpful, as they obscure the complex nature of the development problems facing affected populations. In the area of education, new evidence from Uganda and Tanzania suggests that the impact of HIV/AIDS may not be as simple or direct as has been assumed.
  • Document

    No hiding place for information-hoarders: tackling the accountability deficit

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Can citizens help shape policies and hold politicians and civil servants to account? How can opportunities for citizen participation be institutionalised? Which public sector responsiveness initiatives undertaken in recent years are replicable? How should donors respond to recalcitrant states refusing to reform accountability relationships with service users?
  • Document

    Making a difference? Getting serious about gender and participatory development

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    The rhetoric of participation and gender awareness has entered the development mainstream. Has this led to more equitable development initiatives? What are the consequences of the frequently found slippage between ‘involving women’ and ‘addressing gender’? And how can those using participatory approaches address issues of gender difference more effectively?
  • Document

    Counting the cost of HIV in Southern Africa

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Southern Africa is the region with the highest rates of HIV infection in the world. An estimated 9.4 million of the total population of 97 million were HIV-positive in 1999. What impact will the HIV/AIDS epidemic have on the provision of health services in the region? Is there any scope for improving access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in low-income countries?
  • Document

    Democracy rules? Subduing armed forces in Africa

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Elected governments, which replaced authoritarian regimes during recent African ‘transitions to democracy’ remain vulnerable to military re-intervention and armed conflict. How have new democracies assured democratic control over their military and security establishments?
  • Document

    e-Governance: can it lead to better government?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    What is e-governance? Can information and communication technologies (ICTs) contribute to the achievement of good governance goals? What are the implications for development? Why, when there is so much promise, do many e- governance initiatives go wrong? Can the gulf between the connected and the un-connected be bridged?

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