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  • Document

    The analysis of emerging policy issues in development finance : a survey of the literature

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    A survey of recent economic literature and a case for improving capacity in developing countries to monitor and analyze data on private capital flows, especially portfolio investment flows (through both debt and non debt instruments).Gooptu makes a case for improving capacity in developing countries to monitor and analyze data on private capital flows, especially portfolio investment flows (thr
  • Document

    Pricing industrial pollution in China : an econometric analysis of the levy system

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    An analysis of provincial water pollution control shows that China's pollution levy system has been working much better than is commonly believed.Wang and Wheeler analyze China's experience with the water pollution levy, an emissions charge system that covers hundreds of thousands of factories.The levy experience has not been studied systematically, but anecdotal critiques have suggested tha
  • Document

    The consequences of doubling the minimum wage : the case of Indonesia

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Results suggest that doubling Indonesia's minimum wage led to a 10 percent increase in average wages, a 2 percent decrease in wage employment, and a 5 percent decrease in investment.
  • Document

    Poverty and inequality during structural adjustment in rural Tanzania

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Growth attributed to structural adjustment has benefited the population generally, shifting a significant portion of the population from below the poverty line to above it.
  • Document

    Nations, conglomerates, and empires : the tradeoff between income and sovereignty

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Why after the break-up of such multinational states as the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, whose republics justified their decision by claiming that they wanted to regain their sovereignty, did the new states express strong desire to join the European Union, thus dissipating the very sovereignty they had sought?One of the apparent inconsistencies in the break-up of such multinatio
  • Document

    How important are labor markets to the welfare of the poor in Indonesia?

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    Because poverty mainly afflicts agricultural and self-employed households in Indonesia, the most direct ways that policy can help to reduce poverty are through improving the operation of product, land, and capital markets, particularly where the regulatory environment now works to reduce farm profitability or inhibit entry to productive enterprises by the poor.
  • Document

    Does environmental regulation matter? : determinants of the location of new manufacturing plants in India in 1994

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997
    The costs attributable to complying with environmenta lregulation are not as important as other determinants of where Indian businesses locate new plants. The level of existing businessactivity overwhelms all other factors affecting location decisions. The cost of complying with environmental regulations has been cited as a major burden on businesses.
  • Document

    Do labor market regulations affect labor earnings in Ecuador?

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997
    Although Ecuador may have the most cumbersome labor market regulations in Latin America, these are not a major source of segmentation of the labor market. The reason: the benefits mandated are fully fungible with wages. Ecuadorian labor costs are said to be high because of a large array of mandated benefits.
  • Document

    Demand elasticities in international trade : are they really low?

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996
    For the first time in the economics literature, Panagariya,Shah, and Mishra obtain import demand elasticities for a "smallcountry" (Bangladesh) that are very large. The elasticities are based on parameters of a utility function that are systematically of the correct sign and statistically significant. Using highly disaggregated data, both own price and cross price elasticities are estimated.
  • Document

    Trade reorientation and post - reform productivity growth in Bulgarian enterprises

    Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997
    Trade matters. Trade in Bulgaria's transition economy is an important source of growth in total factor productivity in manufacturing enterprises. Djankov and Hoekman extend the literature on the microeconomics of transition by investigating the relative importance of integration with world markets as a source of productivity growth in Bulgarian firms.

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