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  • Document

    As India's Green Revolution fades, small farmers look elsewhere for livelihood

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Despite providing a living to two-thirds of India's population, agriculture is no longer the top priority for the country's policy- makers. Economic reforms since the early 1990s have paid progressively less heed to the interests of the mass of small-scale farmers. Rural industries have become more important, enabling poorer rural people to survive in more versatile ways.
  • Document

    Back to basics: education for work on the informal side of the developing marketplace

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 1998
    Self-employment has become a major contributor to national economies yet it remains largely invisible in education and training policies. As job opportunities shrink in the formal sector and youth unemployment skyrockets, self-employment may be the only survival option for many. How are governments responding to these changes?
  • Document

    Failing to feminise education: how factors behind the gender gap can vary

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    What factors affect female participation in education? Are uneven patterns of enrolment that favour boys over girls in certain countries repeated everywhere, or can they differ?
  • Document

    Flying software: is the Information Society heading South?

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    In 1998, developing countries will export around US$3bn-worth of computer software to Western markets, making use of telecommunication networks - a conspicuous signal that Information Society benefits can be global. However, such 'headline images' are deceptive. Software production reflects output, location and skill skews that provide limited benefits for developing countries.
  • Document

    Poor outlook, good practice. Assessing urban sanitation from the point of view of the low-income user

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Providing poor urban residents with adequate and appropriate sanitation facilities is a key challenge for the international community. An estimated 500 million people in urban areas have no access to sanitary services, and a much larger proportion use facilities which are hazardous to health or which degrade the environment.
  • Document

    Plumbing a new institutional economics: sustainable water supply systems for Tamilnadu, India

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    How can costly infrastructure such as water supply systems be made more sustainable? In the past, technocrats have set the design criteria, but how important are political and institutional factors? What costs and charges should policymakers take into consideration? And who else holds a stake in water supply?
  • Document

    Credit, food and labour. Constraints on structural adjustment in rural areas of South India

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Structural adjustment policies and processes hinge on trading development funding and debt relief for national policy changes aimed at curbing central controls on economic development and barriers to free trade. Researchers from the Universities of Bradford and Hyderabad probed the effect of structural adjustment processes on poor rural areas in Andhra Pradesh, South India.
  • Document

    Clean sweep: fresh approaches to solid waste management in India and Pakistan

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Disposing of urban rubbish costs more than 50 percent of municipal budgets in most South Asian cities. But sorting and trading reclaimed waste is also a source of income for the urban poor.
  • Document

    Some Recent Evidence: Why Foreign Direct Investment Flows to Low-Income Countries benefit the few

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Foreign direct investment (FDI) is viewed as a major stimulus to economic growth in developing countries. Its supposed value as a way of dealing with shortages of financial resources as well as shortfalls in technology and skills, has made it a centre of attention for reform-minded policymakers, especially in low-income countries.
  • Document

    Confluence of interests. Object lessons from India in participatory watershed management

    id21 Development Research Reporting Service, 2002
    Rehabilitation of watersheds in semi-arid areas is not an easy task. Combining genuine village level participation with coordinated support from government agencies is even more difficult. But according to the Overseas Development Institute researchers, the Indo- German Watershed Development Programme (IGWDP) is overcoming these problems in Maharashtra, India.

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