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Roads, population pressures and deforestation in Thailand, 1976 - 1989
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997Population pressures play less of a role in deforestation than earlier studies of Thailand found. Between 1976 and 1989, Thailand lost 28 percent ofits forest cover.DocumentBending the Rules: Discretionary Pollution Control in China
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999In China, environmental regulators play by the rules, but often bend them in ways that reflect important environmental and social concerns. Regulators give little or no slack to heavy dischargers. Old factories pay more, state owned factories pay higher rates, and big employers get a discount.Industry compliance with pollution regulations is far from universal, even in North America.DocumentWorld Crude Oil Resources: Evidence from Estimating Supply Functions for 41 Countries
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999A gloomy outlook for non OPEC oil supply is unwarranted. Several countries are still expanding, others show no sign of declining supply, and even those contracting will continue to add to reserves.Evidence to support or deny expectations of future scarcity or abundance of crude oil must show whether crude oil supply functions are shifting and, if so, in what direction.DocumentIndonesia's small and medium - size exporters and their support systems
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1994In Indonesia, public institutions generally lack the commitment, resources, and flexibility needed to provide quality support to small and medium size enterprises, and industry associations often lack the professionalism and accountability needed to gain their confidence.DocumentWhat Drives Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon? Evidence from Satellite and Socioeconomic Data
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999Road network expansion is strongly associated with increased deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Pfaff analyzes the determinants of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.DocumentDebt Relief for Low-Income Countries and the HIPC Initiative
International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997Since the onset of the debt crisis in the early 1980s, many heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs), continue to have difficulty in paying their external debt-service obligations, largely because of exogenous factors, imprudent debt-management policies, and the lack of sustained adjustment or implementation of structural reforms.DocumentThe Exchange Rate in a Dynamic-Optimizing Current Account Model with Nominal Rigidities: A Quantitative Investigation
International Monetary Fund Working Papers, 1997During the last 15 years, much effort was devoted to developing open-economy business cycle models with explicit microfoundations. With rare exceptions (discussed below), that literature considered models without money or in which money is neutral (or almost neutral), with prices and wages assumed fully flexible.DocumentDeclaration of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Summit of the Americas)
Center for Hemispheric Policy, 1999DocumentFiji and the sugar protocol
European Centre for Development Policy Management, 1997The [EU/ACP/Lome] sugar Protocol has contributed enormously to Fiji's social and economic development. By providing price stability and market access, it has helped sustain productivity improvements in the sugar industry and provided the main source of income for almost a quarter of the country's economically active population.