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Searching with a thematic focus on Participation, Governance
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Risk, taxpayers, and the role of government in project finance
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996A perennial question has been the relative cost of public and private finance for investment projects in infrastructure. Klein argues that the apparent cheapness of sovereign funds stems from taxpayers' not being remunerated for the contingent liability they effectively assume.DocumentReforming Indonesia's Pension System
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999Key options for reforming Indonesia's pension system: reshape the mandatory defined contribution plan (Jamsostek), make employer sponsored pensions more attractive and affordable, and contain the fiscal burden of civil service plans (Taspen).Indonesia's nascent capital markets stand to benefit significantly from a thriving pension industry.DocumentNations, conglomerates, and empires : the tradeoff between income and sovereignty
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1996Why after the break-up of such multinational states as the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, whose republics justified their decision by claiming that they wanted to regain their sovereignty, did the new states express strong desire to join the European Union, thus dissipating the very sovereignty they had sought?One of the apparent inconsistencies in the break-up of such multinatioDocumentWhy paper mills clean up : determinants of pollution abatement in four Asian countries
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997Clean production is not uncommon even in very poor countries such as Bangladesh. Even when there is no formal regulation of pollution, large, efficient, domestically owned plants operating near relatively affluent communities have demonstrated excellent environmental performance. The same cannot be said for manufacturing facilities near poor communities.DocumentCompetition policy and the global trading system : a developing country perspective
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1997Certain factors can maximize the pressure on privatized infrastructure companies to be more efficient: the threat of bankruptcy, internal controls imposed by shareholders, and external disciplines (such as the threat of hostile takeover).The privatization of infrastructure companies is expected to bring about gains for customers by increasing the efficiency of the privatized company.DocumentExplaining Agricultural and Agrarian Policies in Developing Countries
Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, 1999What explains differences in agricultural and agrarian policies across countries and over time? Why do countries adopt, and maintain, policy regimes that reduce efficiency and increase rural poverty? What are the conditions for countries to initiate equity and efficiency enhancing policy reforms and for these reforms to be maintained? These are the questions pursued in this literature review.DocumentThe State in a changing world: World Development Report 1997: summary
World Development Report, World Bank, 1999An effective state is vital for the provision of the goods and services--and the rules and institutions--that allow markets to flourish and people to lead healthier, happier lives. Without it, sustainable development, both economic and social, is impossible. Many said much the same thing fifty years ago, but then they tended to mean that development had to be state-provided.DocumentDeclaration of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Summit of the Americas)
Center for Hemispheric Policy, 1999DocumentInvigorating Civil Society Participation (Summit of the Americas)
Center for Hemispheric Policy, 1999DocumentFuture Operation of International Organizations within an Electronic Environment: framework for reflection on intra- and inter-organizational issues of relevance to both intergovernmental organizations and NGOs
Union of International Associations, 1999Pages