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• Document

  Women in Bolivarian Venezuela Part 2: The Bolivarian Response to the Feminization of Poverty in Venezuela

  Venezuela Analysis, 2005

  Innovative social and economic strategies are necessary to combat the growing incidence and severity of poverty among women in Venezuela. Legislative change to fight gender inequality, a root cause of the predominantly female poverty, is only the start.
• Document

  Women in Bolivarian Venezuela Part 1: Women and the Venezuela's Bolivarian Revolution

  Venezuela Analysis, 2005

  What contribution has the Bolivarian Revolution (socialist manifestation of the ideals of Simon Bolivar), combined with women's civil society activism, made to the status of women in Venezuela? Tracing the women's movement from 1958, with the fall of Perez Jimenez's dictatorship, this document sketches activities, triumphs and challenges of achieving gender equality in Venezuela.
• Document

  Unfinished Transitions: Women and the Gendered Development of Democracy in Venezuela, 1936-1996

  Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000

  This analysis of Venezuelan women's organising traces a sixty year struggle to democratise political practice and represent women's interests. It addresses some of the prevailing issues of Latin American democratisation: why did women have difficulty participating in regimes they fought to install, and how did they seek inclusion?
• Document

  Empowering Women through the Policy Process: The Making of Health Policy in South Africa

  Oxford University Press, New York, 2000

  An important though poorly recognised way by which women can become empowered is by playing a role in the policy-making process itself.
• Document

  Literacy, Gender and Social Agency: Adventures in Empowerment. A Research Report for ActionAid UK

  Department for International Development, UK, 2003

  The notion of 'empowering' poor and marginalised women has a great deal of commonsense appeal. It may seem obvious that anyone would benefit from increased self-confidence, the ability to act effectively in the public sphere, to control one's income, to plan for the future.
• Document

  Measuring Women's Empowerment: Participation and Rights in Civil, Political, Social, Economic, and Cultural Domains

  Blackwell Synergy, 2005

  There have been many attempts to measure women's empowerment in the development field, but these have had various shortcomings. There is confusion over concepts, a lack of disaggregated data and limited information on household dynamics. Measurements and indicators to date have focused more on civil and political rights, what are known as ?first generation?
• Document

  Discussing Women's Empowerment: Theory and Practice

  Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2001

  In October 2000, a conference was held in Sweden to create a forum for development practitioners and researchers to discuss the latest debates on gender and power.
• Document

  Rethinking Empowerment: Gender and Development in a Global/Local World

  Routledge, 2002

  It is often assumed that women's empowerment is best pursued at a local level, through grassroots participatory methods. While a welcome antidote to the development community's long-standing preference for state-led, top-down development, this focus on the local tends to underplay the impact of global and national forces on prospects for poor people's - especially women's - empowerment.
• Document

  Policy Arena. Assessing Women's Empowerment: Towards a Conceptual Framework

  Routledge, 2005

  When policymakers and practitioners decide that 'empowerment'? usually of women or the poor - is a development goal, what do they mean? And how do they determine the extent to which it has been achieved? Despite empowerment having become a widely used term, there is no universally accepted method for measuring and tracking changes.
• Document

  Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women's Empowerment

  Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2001

  Empowerment is a process by which those who have been denied power gain power, in particular the ability to make strategic life choices. For women, these could be the capacity to choose a marriage partner, a livelihood or whether or not to have children.

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