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• Document

  Women in Leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions: An Analysis of Six States

  1999

  In 1993, India passed the 73rd Constitutional Amendment which reserved 33% of panchayati raj (village councils) seats for women. The Amendment enabled thousands of women to enter the political arena. While some have created political space to voice their needs, concerns and priorities, others are still trying to grapple with the power and authority thrust upon them.
• Document

  Political Representation, Democratic Institutions and Women's Empowerment: The Quota Debate in India

  Routledge, London, 2002

  The debate on quotas in India has reflected disquiet about the perceived elitism of 'the women's movement', and has challenged women's groups to address issues of difference among women based on class and caste. This chapter argues that the issue of power must be taken into account - empowerment of whom, by whom, through what and for what?
• Document

  Gender, Class and Caste Schisms in Affirmative Action Policies: The Curious Case of India's Women's Reservation Bill

  Routledge, 2002

  Following the introduction of economic liberalisation policies in 1991, India has registered steady gains in terms of conventional economic indices such as external trade, investment inflows, and foreign exchange reserves. However, women have not shared equitably in these gains.
• Document

  Engineering Elections: The Experiences of Women in Panchayati Raj in Karnataka, India

  Springer Netherlands, 2003

  The term empowerment entered the development lexicon some three decades ago. Since then it has been used widely in various contexts, losing in the process some of its edge and efficacy. Nevertheless, it continues to be useful as one of the few ideas that capture the notion of acquiring social, political and economic power as both a dynamic process and its end result.
• Document

  Placing Gender Equity in the Family Centre Stage: Use of 'Kala Jatha' Theatre

  Economic and Political Weekly, India, 2003

  Women's empowerment does not necessarily take place when incomes are generated, when livelihoods are enhanced or when groups are formed. This is because within families and households, hierarchies and structures do not alter. In fact, public interventions which result in new social activity or new avenues of income generation can actually accentuate tensions within households.
• Document

  Women's Empowerment through Sustainable Micro-Finance: Rethinking ?Best Practice?

  2006

  Women's access to microfinance services have significantly increased over the past two decades. By enhancing women's ability to earn an income, these programmes have the potential to initiate a series of ?virtuous spirals? of economic empowerment and increased well-being for women and their families.
• Document

  Conflicts Over Credit: Re-Evaluating the Empowerment Potential of Loans to Women in Rural Bangladesh

  Elsevier, 2000

  Microcredit programmes for the poor have come to occupy a central place in poverty-oriented strategies in Bangladesh. Yet evaluations of the empowerment potential of credit programmes for rural women in Bangladesh have arrived at conflicting conclusions. This paper draws on the findings of a credit programme in Bangladesh, in which the impact of loans was evaluated by women loanees themselves.
• Document

  Who Takes the Credit? Gender, Power and Control Over Loan Use in Rural Bangladesh

  Elsevier, 1996

  Special credit institutions in Bangladesh have dramatically increased the credit available to poor rural women since the mid-1980s. Though this is intended to contribute to women's empowerment, few evaluations of loan use investigate whether women actually control this credit.
• Document

  Asset Ownership along Gender Lines: Evidence from Thailand

  The Levy Economics Institute, 2005

  Do men and women own similar kinds of assets? What factors influence the gender-specific composition of asset ownership? This paper focuses on gender differences in asset ownership within households in urban low-income communities in Bangkok, Thailand.
• Document

  Patriarchal Violence - an Attack on Human Security: a Broad Survey of Measures to Combat Patriarchal Violence and Oppression, Particularly Acts Committed in the Name of Honour Directed at Women, Homosexuals, Bisexuals and Transgender Persons.

  Government Offices of Sweden, 2006

  Understandings of patriarchal violence usually focus on male violence against women. However, this paper links patriarchy and the violence and oppression directed towards lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender (LGBT) persons. Patriarchy is based on perceptions of male supremacy and within this power structure the norm of the heterosexual male is dominant.

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